Role of Bank Capital Essay Example

Role of Bank Capital Essay Introduction The main aim of this report is to identify the key roles played by bank capital in the banking business. This report briefly outlines the main functions of bank capital and takes a brief look at the benefits of bank capital to the bank and the banking industry. It is hoped that from reading this paper a general understanding of the roles of bank capital in the banking business can be gained. Bank Capital A banks capital also known as equity is the margin by which creditors are covered if the banks assets were liquidated. A bank must hold enough capital to protect lenders and depositors from losses and also allow the bank to meet its customer requirements. Banks must maintain capital levels equal with the amount of risks assumed and hold enough to weather severe and considerably long financial storms. Roles of Bank Capital Banks are susceptible to many forms of systematic risk which at times can evolve into industrial crisis. The risks they face include credit risk, market risk, business risk and interest rate risk to name a few. And bank capital plays an essential role in the absorption of losses related to these risks. Credit Risk Credit risk is the risk that an obligator will not make future interest payments or principle repayments when due and is the main risk faced by banks, considering how large global financial markets are and the proportion of transactions that may be at risk. Credit risk tends to vary with the business cycle as initial rapid expansion results in falling spreads, and a decline in credit widening spreads with banks being hit by large loses as the spread widens. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Bank Capital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Bank Capital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Bank Capital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Banks are taking on more diverse forms of lending including direct finance, margin lending, over the counter derivatives transactions with the high number of potential defaults in these areas exposing them to large amounts of counterparty risk. There is also credit risk involved with futures brokerage involving intermediaries and the substantial credit risks from settling foreign exchange contracts which are often underestimated. Credit risk also may exist in credit derivatives and asset securitization transactions. To protect themselves banks need to identify the type of credit risk correctly, price it accurately and maintain adequately high amounts of capital in both good times and bad times. Market Risk Capital also protects banks against market risk. This is the risk associated with the movements and volatility in market prices which can cause large swings in bank profitability. Continuous changes in technology and market creativity are resulting in ever changing financial products and market risks making evident a relationship between markets that we had previously thought of as unrelated. These unpredictable changes require banks to maintain strong capital levels especially with the period a bank has to alter its risk profile becoming shorter due to greater competition. Business Risk Capital also provides a cushion against exposures to elements that can impact on the firms’ activities and may result in the bank losing ground relative to its competitors or failing to earn a market rate of return. Bank capital is a crucial aid in relation to operational risk which may result in loss by a bank of its critical business operations due to a disaster such as loss of a communications system which can lead to fraud or processing errors. With the continuing diversification of banking, the growing concentration of the crucial payments, the fast pace of financial innovation and settlements, the importance of operational risk is rising and bank capital becoming more crucial in this area. Liquidity Liquidity is the ability to fund increases in assets and meet obligations as they become due. Banks still play a crucial role as liquidity providers in the global economy especially during market shocks or economic turbulence. Adequate bank capital helps reduces liquidity risk, that is, the risk that many depositors will request withdrawals beyond available funds. Banks have managed the general expected liquidity demands since the beginning of the banking business with occasional mismatches exposing banks to interest rate risk, which is the risk that the bank will become unprofitable if rising interest rates force it to pay relatively more on its deposits than it eceives on its loans. Normally this risk can also be managed easily by hedging interest rate changes by the use of derivative instruments. However unanticipated system wide shocks result in a greater demand for liquidity and are far more difficult to deal with. At such times significant liquidity demands emerge from both a banks asset and the liability side. Refinancing short-term debt in the money markets is liabili ty related and off-balance-sheet exposures can unexpectedly come onto the assets side of the balance sheet. Therefore a bank must be prepared when there is a market wide scramble for liquidity and be able to manage funding challenges and unplanned asset expansions simultaneously by having sufficient bank capital. Promote economic growth A strongly capitalized banking sector also is better able to promote innovation, whether in the form of new products, new services or new distribution channels. Banks do not just hold capital to overcome distress, but also because it provides them with financial flexibility. Banks with a strong capital base can take advantage of growth opportunities. A strong banking sector made up of banks with strong capital bases, is better able to supply credit to businesses and fund investment opportunities that promise to encourage growth, create employment and contribute to a stronger economy. On the other hand a weak banking sector with banks unable to function effectively as risk intermediaries inevitably leads to inadequate credit and liquidity in financial markets and to banks that are unable to help boost the productivity of the economy. Clearly this has a grave social impact given the importance of credit and liquidity to the overall economy. Benefits of strong bank capitalization Well capitalized banks will be able to continue with there normal lending practices in the event of an economic shock and will not be forced to reduce their asset base. As well as this they are able to assist weaker banks through the provision of deposit insurance premiums. Sufficient excess capital reserves enable banks to enter into large ventures without having to raise new capital. Banks are not inclined to take on numerous high risk borrowers purely for the potential benefit of high returns as they are not desperately seeking profits to increase their capital base. Excess capital holds the benefit of avoiding high financing costs. An example would be a bank having to pay a high rate of interest on loans from other banks if the banks excess capital reserves are found to be insufficient. With fast-paced technological change predominately in the information systems area well capitalized banks are cushion from the enormous costs of, for example total system upgrades. Finally a banks reputation will suffer if the bank finds it difficult to meet the regulatory body’s capital requirements. Large banks wish to keep their good ratings and therefore have considerable high capital reserves because rating agencies make demands regarding the banks excess capital reserves as a condition for a high rating Conclusion The role of capital is to act as a buffer against future unexpected and even relatively remote losses that a bank may incur and be a source of liquidity. Because banks can both create demand deposits and provide credit they act as shock absorbers during times of turbulence providing safety to risk weary investors and liquidity to borrowers. The dramatic effects of weak banking systems can be seen in both developed and developing economies and the repercussions these have had on financial markets everywhere. Each occasion is a reminder of the need for strongly capitalized financial institutions. References Viney C 2007, McGrath’s Financial Institutions, Instruments and Markets, McGraw- Hill †¢Mehta D, Fung H 2004, International Bank Management, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK †¢Bacon F, Tai S, Shin, Suk H, Garg R 2004, Basics of Financial Management, Copley Publishing Company, Action, MA †¢Berger A N, Herring R J, Szego G P 1995, The role of capital in financial institutions, Journal of Banking and Finance 19, Nos. 3-4. †¢Diamond, Douglas W, Rajan R G 2000, A Theory of Bank Capital, The Journal of Finance, V ol. LV, no. 6

Parish Nursing is a Fast Growing Trend †Nursing Studies Research Paper

Parish Nursing is a Fast Growing Trend – Nursing Studies Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Parish Nursing is a Fast Growing Trend Nursing Studies 100 Level Course) While parish nursing is a fast growing trend in congregational settings, its ideas on wholistic healthcare and functions of the parish nurse are still widely unknown. Parish nursings roots began centuries ago and is now planting the concepts of whole person health care in local congregations around the United States. Granger Westberg, a Lutheran minister, saw the need for preventative health care in the form of mind, body, and spiritual counseling. Centuries ago ancient Greeks and Romans perceived healing and religion as identical. Monks and nuns served as healers in religious orders such as the famous Sisters of Charity (McGee, 1998). The church was a place for the sick to come and be healed physically and spiritually. Many of the first hospitals were built and supported financially by congregations. Granger Westberg recognized the positive connection the church and hospital had together years ago and proposed the idea of having a professional registered nurse work in the congregation and set up a wellness clinic. Westberg tested his idea in poor neighborhoods with volunteer medical professionals and received positive reviews from community members, hospitals, and churches. The program gained popularity and thus spawned parish nursing in the United States in the late 1970s (Peterson, 1982). The term wholistic health care is fairly new and is often confused with holistic health care. While holistic health care focuses on working with peoples energy and involves practices such as acupuncture, wholistic health care focuses on a persons mind, body, and spirituality. Wholistic health care is centered on the belief that a persons spirituality and outlook on life is directly related to a persons health. Parish nursing is a way to encompass both the science of healthcare and the spirituality of religion. Granger Westberg believes parish nursing bridges the gap between religion and health (Mcgee, 1998). According to Solari-Twadell and Mcdermott in their book Parish Nursing-Promoting Whole Person Health Within Faith Communities, the philosophy behind this unique profession is that Parish nursing holds the spiritual dimensions to be central to the practice. It also encompasses the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of nursing practice. It focuses on the spirituality of the nurse and their skills experience. The book also outlines the seven functions of the parish nurse which include: integrator of faith and health, health educator, personal health counselor, referral agent, trainer of volunteers, developer of support groups, and health advocate. The beauty of parish nursing is the individual approach of nursing can be determined by the parish and thus it can serve his or her congregations special needs. While the American Nurses Association and Health Ministries Association have standards of practice for the profession of parish nursing, each parish nurse must individualize her focus of practice for their congregation to meet the communities individualized needs. One parish nurse describes her role, â€Å"It is not to provide hands on nursing, but to be a resource in the church community for problem solving in medical and or spiritual matters† (Lehman, 2004). Registered nurses interested in becoming a parish nurse must undergo the basic preparation which includes 30 hours of continuing education, orientation, meetings with congregations and health ministries. Classes in theology of health, history, philosophy, and working with churches are also recommended (Solari-Twadell and Mcdermott, 1999). As the profession of parish nursing has grown, standards of practice have been determined by the A.N.A. and H.M.A. which legitimize parish nursing as a profession. Many also argue that there should be a more structured for of education requirements for persons interested in becoming a parish nurse. Once a parish nurse enters a congregation they must perform a documented assessment on the congregational community. This assessment informs the parish nurse on the issues that are most important to the community and help the parish nurse to make an individualized plan of care. For example, if high blood pressure is a problem in the community the parish nurse can set up monthly blood pressure checks. The parish nurse isn’t the only person that needs to be educated, the pastor is a key component to the success of a parish nurse program and should be educated on the benefits parish nursing has on a community. It is important for the pastor and parish nurse to meet on a regular basis to discuss parishioners and improvements that can be made in the congregation. Individuality is an important characteristic for parish nurses. Each congregation has different needs and it is important for the parish nurse to recognize these needs and address them with full potential. Due to the individuality of congregations across the United States there are two basic types of parish nurse programs, the volunteer model and the paid model. Due to limited funds, many congregations have volunteer parish nurses that donate their time to the congregation a few hours a week. According to one journal article, Parish nurse special interest group: organizational framework for parish nursing, there are ups and downs to each model. The benefits of the volunteer model according to parish nurses include: â€Å"serves as a mean to use our expertise while serving our faith community, gives the parish nurse and faith community a chance to try out the program and it is affordable to the faith community.† Downs include: â€Å"availability limited by the amount of time t he parish nurse can devote, limits what the faith community can ask of the parish nurse, and the question of the accountability of the volunteer vs. the paid parish nurse† (Parish nurse special, 2001). Whether volunteer or paid, a parish nurse program benefits any congregation. As parish nursing continues to grow as a profession, educational standards and models of framework will improve and the success of parish nurse programs will flourish. Parish nursing is a profession dedicated to serving the whole person including mind, body, and spirit and would be a benefit to any faith community. 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Holding On as an Act of Resistance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Holding On as an Act of Resistance - Essay Example I think this reaction on Alfred's part is justifiable by the fact that he had developed a sense of love for their language and their culture. And this only confirms that holding on to one's beliefs and practices builds a certain barrier around a person that would make him reject the unfamiliar. However, his grandmother corrected this behavior, stating that to cling to your culture does not necessarily mean you have to envelope yourself so as not to absorb others' way of life. Sometimes, one only needs to learn to appreciate every new learning, while maintaining a keener and a deeper loyalty to his own ethnicity. But is it possible to surpass the tendency of being eaten whole by the new standards brought about by the new cultureAlfred expressed his opinion on the issue regarding whether to fight back or not to fight back the bullying menaces of the white society. He states that fighting back brings on conflict; but to not fight back brings on a different type of tension within oneself (Alfred, 2004). I think what he means by the bullies are the whole of the Settler Society and that, according to him, fighting back and staying still are two equally courageous things. However, resistance still proves to gather more audacity and, in the end, establishes a stronger stand. This does not only give the people more sense of dignity, but more freedom in enjoying the culture they were brought up in. If, however, economic progress goes with staying still, would these people still choose to exhibit valor The Different Warrior Older people tend to have more attachment and tighter bonds with tradition and cultural practices. Their passion and loyalty to their culture have been developed throughout their lives and this drives them to want to extend and pass on their tradition to the following generations. And as Alfred's grandmother left him the urges to fight and insist on gaining honor and respect, he takes on the challenge of being a different, or THE different warrior, and stand up for the forgotten values. I believe this warrior, in the end, will prove to be the most audacious of all since his mission is not one that only involves physical combat. His is a mission which seeks to save a dying culture, and restore values that are vital to the survival of their future generations. But the question of whether his battle for this mission will serve worthy in the end still hangs. An Independent Culture Long existent has been the debate over whether to break free from tradition in order to survive global evolution or risk facing the manifestations of greedy colonization by remaining isolated and intact. Alfred argued that the Onkwehonwe have been too dependent on and influenced by the white culture that they have already lost their freedom and integrity. Their continuous submission to the colonizers' rules and way of life is slowly wiping away their identity. The whites have imposed political and social power over the people that they deem their own lands, inaccessible. These people should, however, understand that the white society's governance is tainted with their vested interest and this interest usually includes expanding colonization and more damage in the Onkwehonwe culture. Now, what's left for these people to do is to decide. Should they embrace the settlers' imposing powers on them and over them Or should they strive for self-sufficiency and freedom by overcoming the oppre ssors and revive the culture they have lost or are losing A Continuing Challenge The issue of breaking free from oppressors is not something new to the world. As Alfred explains, materialism is continuously

Analysis of Juicy Couture and a Review of Their Strategic Decision Essay

Analysis of Juicy Couture and a Review of Their Strategic Decision Process in the Changing Market Environment - Essay Example Understand and evaluate the reasons for changes in strategic decisions of Juicy Couture Company Compare the strategies of Juicy Couture Company with other companies Evaluate future strategic directions for the company. Initial Review of Relevant Literature Literature review is an important element of a research study. It is often considered as the foundation of a study. The literature review for this study will be carried out with the help of data from different sources. It will involve in-depth review of the theories on the importance of strategic decisions, which is portrayed by the scholars, in a competitive market environment. The literature review will discuss the origin of strategic decision making and its evolution with changing business environment. The study will also discuss why strategic decision making is important for the success of product innovation. Actions and decisions make the core of the strategic decision-making as well as implementation process. Strategic decisi ons can be considered as rational knowledge application to a problem. It includes finding answers to critical business questions such as different alternatives and consequences of the same. It also analyses the desirability of these consequences and applied criteria for the evaluation of various alternatives. In case of structured problems, a rational solution may be sufficient. But highly unstructured problems require specific solutions brought in only by strategic decisions. Porter (1996) has rightly emphasized that operational effectiveness cannot be considered as strategy. In other words, strategic priority is important for every organisation. According to Prahalad and Hamel (1990), realisation of core competencies can be one of the strategic priorities. According to... As the report declares literature review is an important element of a research study. It is often considered as the foundation of a study. The literature review for this study will be carried out with the help of data from different sources. It will involve in-depth review of the theories on the importance of strategic decisions, which is portrayed by the scholars, in a competitive market environment. The literature review will discuss the origin of strategic decision making and its evolution with changing business environment. The study will also discuss why strategic decision making is important for the success of product innovation. This paper stresses that actions and decisions make the core of the strategic decision-making as well as implementation process. Strategic decisions can be considered as rational knowledge application to a problem. It includes finding answers to critical business questions such as different alternatives and consequences of the same. It also analyses the desirability of these consequences and applied criteria for the evaluation of various alternatives. In case of structured problems, a rational solution may be sufficient. But highly unstructured problems require specific solutions brought in only by strategic decisions. Several studies have confirmed that innovation is the forward step for the companies in order to survive in the market place for a longer period of time. The review on literature will also help in analysing the future scope for the company their effective use of strategies for making their innovations successful.

How did the designations aliens ineligible for citizenship and the Research Proposal

How did the designations aliens ineligible for citizenship and the yellow peril negatively affect Asian Americans in the years prior to 1952 - Research Proposal Example Second, this designation led to separated or hurt families (Hutchison 44). Such families suffered mental effects because of this designation. Male-controlled familial structures among Asian Americans were not common in the United States before 1952. The statistical and social supremacy of Chinese males, together with domestic separation and customary diversity extended the assimilation procedure for Asian immigrants. This is the third negative effect of this designation that also allowed the dominant perception of Asian Americans as alien immigrants (Brilliant 34). Fourth, the â€Å"Aliens Ineligible for Citizenship† policy led to increased demands for Asian prostitution because of the absence of Asian women (Brilliant 34). Frequently disguised as business wives, selected Americans drew or bought and shipped women from Asian nations like China to serve as prostitutes in the United States. Shortly afterwards, Asian prostitution was perceived as an annoyance alongside West Coast and legislators responded by passing the Page Law in 1875. This law enabled customs officials at ports to refute entrance to Asian women believed to be imminent prostitutes in the United States (Brilliant 36). The designation â€Å"Yellow Peril† radically transformed into one of the approvals as Asian success tales began becoming increasingly common all through the American community (Allred 58). Before this transformation, this policy was the source of some of the worst discriminations against Asian Americans in history. This designation coined the phrase â€Å"model minority† to refer to Asian in the United States (Allred 61). This phrase acted as a model for other minorities. As a result, Asian Americans became a widespread outcast in America and suffered more discrimination than any other minority group. Secondly, as a type of subtle discrimination, the â€Å"Yellow Peril† designation fostered the spread

The Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay

The Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay Sri Lanka tourism has been under a purple patch of nearly three decade of ethnic war is seen a new dawn of growth for future. With the introduction of new tourists hot spots in the island, many foreign travellers around the world have shown great interests that there are many more things to discover in this tiny island of the Indian Ocean. Government figures show that there is a considerable increase in tourist arrivals since the war had ended 2009 May, it has created more job opportunities and foreign income for government in many aspects. Government strong commitment role was mentioned in this research where creating more opportunities with hidden attractions of north and east to attract tourists. Utilisation of technological advancement to attract new markets in Europe by publishing website in their mother languages and governments open sky policies can be taken as strong points in this research where Sri Lanka tourism have to develop on weakness such as infrastructure, literacy a nd environmental issues to become a successful tourist destination after its anticipate with fear was ended for a new sun shine in Sri Lankan tourism with its nature that could last more years in global tourism sector. Introduction Sri Lanka is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. It is a country that offers great variety of attractive that unique to its own. Land filed with range of geographical features including variety of rivers and waterfalls making a magnificent atmosphere. Sri Lanka is blessed by its wonderful sandy coast line that runs all around the island. Result from recent survey (Sri Lanka,n.d.), showed that Sri Lankan information There are so many records of ancient travellers came to visit the country. Study by Hien (414A.D cited Mithtapala, 2009), showed thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ who travelled in Sri Lanka in the century he defined country as, this country is an oasis, prosperous and happy: its People are well-to-do: They all have received the faith and find their amusement in religious music. With holds trueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Study by Mark Twain (1890 cited Mithtapala 2009) showed thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, Dear me; it is beautiful, which holds trueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Describes the how it was defined in the eyes of the visitors. It indicates our peoples attitude who they never hesitate to bring host in to their home and treat with warm welcome. Miththapala, S, (2009) describe Refocusing from terrorism to tourismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Unfortunately this warm welcome paradise devastated from brutal conflict. We lost our reputable tourists who love our country a lot. More than two decade conflict was over in May 2009 and bring new hopes to develop our nation with tourism industry which country depends on most. In this research report I would be like to investigate what possibilities to improve our industry under political, economical, technological and social foundation and effects of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in our tourism industry Methodology According to my topic which I had investigated Sri Lankan tourism industry have shown tremendous growth with in less than a year after the end of ethnic issue. Because the country and economy was suffered lot from this brutal war, I examined in depth that development in tourism sector using accurate tools such as P E S T and SWOT analysis which gathered valuable information from secondary and primary data for planning proposals and implementation for development projects. For secondary data, basically I used journals, magazines, reports and articles. Consideration of primary data is difficult to obtain since I lived away from Sri Lanka. But I made an effort to speak to member of the tourism board in United Kingdom to get some valuable information about latest developments in tourism industry. Overview of Sri Lankan tourism industry Sri Lankan tourism industry had a rollercoaster ride after the outbreak of civil war in 1983 with ups and downs. Contribution of tourism sector for the Gross domestic product (GDP) and foreign exchange earnings of Sri Lanka are 1-2% and 2-5% respectively in recent past. Even it doesnt provide much direct employment, the contribution to the GDP is high reflecting that employees have a higher productivity than the average Sri Lankan worker. With the liberation of North and east, a number of tourist attractions were originate in that area. Mainly the beaches in the east coast were more popular than the west and south coasts in early 70s. But the lack of facilities is dominant and even the few existing facilities are long overdue for renovations. In the recovery path, Sri Lanka has to deal with the long lasted negative image of worse security situation. In the dawn of peace and prosperity by ending the civil war with the recovery of the Global financial crisis Sri Lanka can expect a better position with more arrivals and investments. It would be better to bring in to attention the areas that need to be utilised to attract more tourist which is the north and northeast areas of the country that consists untouched beaches and natural beauties runs from Nilaveli beaches in trincomalee to kumana wilpaththu national in south east. The trends of the Sri Lankan have shaped up during the last 3 decades from European tourist to south East Asian tourist. Therefore the Sri Lankan tourism market has diversified that looms more opportunity with the end of the ethnic conflict. Howkins et al., (2009,) describe the Sri Lankan tourism authority responsibilities How did the 26 years of war have derailed the growth of Sri Lankan tourism? Sri Lanka had long standing civil war that lasted for more than 26 years that had many effects on tourism and the economy as a whole. According to Reuters report Liberation Tamil tiger of Eelam (L. T. T .E) wanted to damage $32 billion worth Sri Lankan economy. it defensive poor war tactics, strategies and logistic have dragged the economy deeper in to trouble. In 2001 LT.T.E attacked to the international air port at katunayaka which created tremendous blow for the economy. Result from recent study (Tamil guardian, 2009) showed that destructionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Terrorist attack in the Yala National Park leads to huge crises for tourism in southern region of the country. Until that time the southern region is a much safer place to travel in the country and this attack alarmed that the LTTE is in a very strong position to create any attack else where in the country. That implication was a tremendous drawback for the tourism industry in the southern region. In addition, the bad press releases are another problem for the suffering economy. Several countries including united state of America (USA) declared travel warnings and bans for their citizens not travel to Sri Lanka due to war situation, and mainly after the heavy attacked in Yala wild life park. In a recent study (Rebel air base attack is to cripple Sri Lanka tourism.2007) showed that how international image was weakened.. Because of the war situation, in the North and east regions none of the infrastructure projects commenced, which impacted very negatively for the local economy and socially. In recent study (Gouby.M,2007),describe the international monetaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It can be mentioned, a good example that in the beginning of 1983 passikadha project stop due to LTTE activities and it is a massive development project located on land 150 acres that targeted local and foreign tourists. Result from recent survey (passikadu plan, n.d.) Showed that project develop Number of development projects were ignored which were planned to start on cease fire durations, after reigniting of the war. Another huge effect due to conflict was consumer prices grew 11% and inflation played depreciation for the local currency. Result from survey (Asian development outlook, 2002) showed that developing south Asiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ However in 2002 new born cease-fire agreement enhance unexpected growth in tourism and other sectors in the country. Small miracle expected due to confidential growth rates by 5% in 2003 that did not last long. Result from the recent survey (Sri lanka economy, n.d.), showed that economy of Sri Lankaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Pest analysis 1. Political a) Sri Lankan government objectives on development of the tourism industry are Development of tourism to be a local and internationally as a new destination. Provide setting targets for tourism bureau to develop the industry. Provide information about inclusive and efficient tourist service for industry. Provide guidelines to development and maintain standard for license tourist establishments. Improve confident private sector participation, promotional and training activities for development in tourism. Government identify and develop niche tourism product. (Interview by Sanjika Perera) Implement zonel planning and infrastructure development as resorts. For example regions are Arugambe (east region), hambantota and kalpitiya and going to add Trincomolee and Pasikadu. In recently study (Srimane, 2010) political stability pays dividendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Due to the peace process, the tourism demand is rapidly high in short term. But in long term it has to be more challenge for the government. b) Long term government challenges can be taken as follows; 1. East region would have to develop as a tourist destination and improve better tourism as much as possible. Therefore social life and other facilities is draw up to make their confident due to war. 2. Domestic air facilities has to improve and re schedule for their own necessity. Rail transportation has to expand and improve at least cover major cities to air port. 3. For investment approval procedures has to provide fast and accurate to encourage local and foreign investors. 4. Establish more advancement techniques to attain high skill people to industry through training and development concepts. Recent survey (miththapala, 2009), described the following as Refocusing to terrorism to tourismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ C) Government legislation for development in tourism sector Tourist hotel association of Sri Lanka was established in 1965. Association implement tremendous effort to develop Sri Lankan tourism. It keeps communication with ministers to make formulating development plan and policies. In recent study (Miththapala, 2009), Sri Lanka tourism quo vadisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ New tourism act no 38 was ruled in 2005 which brought new invention and development for the industry. It provides and encourages to private sector to involve to makes decisions and other promotion programmes with government support. This positive impact creates much feedback to tourism development in country. In recent study (Miththapala, 2009), Sri Lanka tourism quo vadisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In addition bilateral investment agreements secure of their investment by law. Major political parties made settlement not to obstruct any investment company or individual doing investment in the country. Basically agreement validate for ten years and then it will renewed another 10 year if investors happy to continue. In addition Sri Lanka is founder member of multilateral investment guarantee agency (MIGA) provide guarantee for expropriation and non commercial risks to invest people. There have been tremendous improvements of infrastructure facilities that can be taken best out in South Asia. Government have attracted the private sector investments such as BOO concept (build, operate and own) and BOT (built, operate and transfer).In recent study (Solid infrastructure, 2010), showed that investment opportunitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ d) Development in North and east areas to attract tourist to It able to identify several locations in conflict area can convert to most attractive destination domestic and international tourists. This can be required to consider proper planning and implementation of infrastructure investments. it has a huge issue to overcome in this region. Post conflict area can find planning infrastructure delays and it cause higher employment rate. Consequently it bring to people massing depress and confusion in post conflict region 1. Government seeking private sectors to get supportive role to development of framework maintain the standards, plan and working system, priority areas such as eastern, north central region. They get donor assistance from World Bank to implement under SITDA sustainable development projects. They have already got USD 300 million for infrastructure developments. In the post conflict area new projects design for lodging, restaurant and other facilities to attract international and domestic tourism. 2. Authority has to provide time-bound investment to regenerate employment and income earning opportunity to post conflict society. 3. Authority and private sector should have to expand and upgrade training program for youngsters. 4. Government has to avoid restriction on domestic civil aviation and encourage to private investment in air transportation. In addition authority has to examine locate domestic airport near to Traincomalee. Howkins et al., (2009,) describe the Sri Lankan tourism authority responsibilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ e) Implementation of government proposals to be environmental friendly tourist destination. Government establish appropriate methods to protect environmental issues. They hope to implement development plans for rural areas to preserve nature. Tourism authority being monitors their stranded and places the reschedule programme for negative issues if occur. Energy consumption programme would be another commitment to protect natural recourses and environment. This programme given knowledge to local society how it consecrate energy, water and waste in hotel environment. This is conducted by the ministry of tourism (MOT). Result from the recent survey (Responsibletourism Sri Lanka, 2009), showed that environmental conservational methodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 2. Economical Factor Economic condition in Sri Lanka was much ahead of all the south East Asian countries except few like Japan and China in late 60s. But with the civil unrest leading to war in early 80s, it started to deteriorate in growth prospects in the years of 86-89. in addition to the war in northern part, whole country was in internal terrorism that had major influence on main income supports. In recent study (Bureau of south and central Asian affairs, 2009), showed that economy grower in ceasefire durationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ With the end of the war there are new hope and central bank Sri Lanka have pointed out interest rate reductions and showing significant growth despite the global economic downturns will attract more foreign investors, especially on tourism developments. in recent study (Bureau of south and central Asian affairs, 2009), showed that attract investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a) As a fact of ending of decades of war the new outlook of the Economy is paving the way to improved tourism industry. Economic contribution of the Liberated area 15% of the whole population is still living in the war affected area. The increase of economic contribution of those is immensely increasing leading to increased facilities for the tourism. Also World Bank Development Indicators 2000 shows that the Sri Lanka has the lowest labour cost per worker in manufacturing leading to cost effective labour force for the market. In recent study (Board of Invest of Sri Lanka, n.d.), showed that labour charges are lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ International trends Tourism industry in Asian region has immensely increased in the past two decades and countries likes Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore is leading the way. However Sri Lanka showed a decrease in international arrival in the past decades due to the civil war. With the current situation in the country, it has a large potential for new arrivals in near future. In recent study (Miththapala, 2009), Sri Lanka tourism quo vadisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Business environment in the Country (for foreigners). Sri Lanka has a lucrative business environment for foreign investments. Foreign investments are guaranteed by the constitution and double taxation relieves are in place to attract foreign investors, tourism is an area that government is looking forward for foreign investors to build more world class hotels. Increased foreign direct investment, currently contributing only 2-3 % of the Gross domestic product (G.D.P) will lead to develop more facilities and infrastructure for the industry. In recent study (new department strategy., n.d), showed that frame work for economy growthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 4. Improved related infrastructure. Sri Lanka has the potential of developing as the regional trading Hub for the south Asian region. 4.1 Colombo Port. Government is identifying opportunity to attract cruise lines to use Colombo, trincomalee and hambanthota as a stop point to tourists who want to discover the island on their voyagers. (Interview by SanJeka perera) 4.2 Busy International AirPort Most of the major airlines operated in this airport linking every part of the world, providing better services for tourist arrivals. It has shown the Passenger movement has increase of 29% for 95-2000 with the conglomeration of Emirates air lines and hence show the potential of higher growth and expansion. Result from recent study (Regional trading hub, n.d) showed that international air port progressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 3. Social factors influencing tourism development a). Human Resource Sri Lanka has the highest Human development index (HDI) in the south Asian region in par with East Asian countries proving improved health and education in the country. It has the highest literacy rate in south Asia 92%. In general HDI has direct relationship to GDP per capita for most of the countries. Sri Lanka has a drastic drop in GDP per capita income relative to HDI. As higher HDI reflects better Human resources, Sri Lanka has the potential to cater the job market with the boom of tourism without any trouble. Result from recent survey (human develop index-going beyond income, 2009), showed that how HDI important à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Also worlds Bank Development Indicators 2000 shows that the Sri Lanka has the lowest labour cost per worker in manufacturing leading to cost effective labour force for the market. Recent study (highly literate labour force, n.d.), showed that labour charges are lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ b). English Language ability As Sri Lanka was once a British colony, it has a large population of English speaking community. But that has declined significantly since 1970s. But with the newly implemented educational reforms it recreates the emphasis on English language. At present Sri Lanka stand along with her regional counterparts in English language ability which has a large impact on tourism related regional facility development. Result from recent study Bureau of south and Central Asia affairs, 2009), showed that language ability work forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ c) Culture impact Modesty and decency is important in all situations cultural and religious influences have some effect on Sri Lankan tourism. Nudity and topless bathing are forbidden and law can be forced for mis-behaviours.When visiting religious place, visitors must cover their body sufficiently and should remove shoes before entering holy shrines .in addition visitors are not allowed to pose for photos with monks and Buddhist statues.Sri Lanka being a country that have preserved with 5000 years of Buddhist culture is restrained for social activities such as night clubs, casino and indecent social behaviour in areas where Buddhist pilgrims situation even near coastal areas, therefore there are constraints of selling alcohol and permission to build hotels with pleasure activities is a social factor affecting fulfilling all needs of the tourists. Result from recent survey (travel essentials, n.d.), showed culture restrictionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 4. Technology factor a) Use of internet technology as a main marketing tool SLTB uses its official website to promote Sri Lankan tourism in English, France, Netherlands and Italy version. The website provides offers and all link registered accommodation and other relative business. Furthermore it provides check availability but unfortunately online real time bookings are not available since the secure payment method in not in place yet. Most tourism companies implement their own websites and they are equal to Europe countries as well. Sri Lankan air line provides 20% total amount of booking in globally but Europe consider it totally amount 50%. Result from recent survey (Etourism at glance Sri Lanka, n.d.) showed that web servicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ S W O T Analysis for Sri Lankan tourism sector 1. Strengths a) Being a unique tourist destination Sri Lanka is a one of most attractive destination in the world. It is surrounded by most beautiful beaches, which offer many more cultural and natural places. Kandy was built in 17 and 18 century that provides to see the temple of Lord Buddha.Hikkaduwa is well known as a real paradise for divers and search for abundance reef fishing turtles. Annuradapura has been classed as a world heritage site by U.N.E.S.C.O (United nations educational, scientific and cultural organisation) Sigiriya would be most valuable place that is going back thousand of years history. Visitors can see caves and gardens, which never ceases. In recent study (Kumara, n.d), Sri Lankan awesome placesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ And also East coast creates some best beaches like Arugabay and Nilavelli beaches with stunning coral reefs can be taken as new destination points which have been added with end of the ethnic conflict. In addition Arugabay offers best surfing destination in the world. These regions are given unseen scenes like whale watching, natural hot spring in Kanniya and ancient ruins in Ampara. Result from a recent survey (East coast at a glance, n.d.), showed that unseen east destinationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. b) The strong management force behind the tourism sector in government Sri Lanka has formed number of government agencies to directly involve in tourist development. Ministry of tourism Sri Lankan tourism development authority. (S.L.T.D.A) Sri Lankan tourism promotion bureau. (S.L.T.B.A) Sri Lankan institute of hotel management. (S.L.I.T.H.M) Sri Lankan convention bureau. (S.L.C.B) Other government agencies are that indirectly involve in the industry Urban development authority (U.D.A) Central environment authority (C.E.A) Department of wild life conservation. (D.W.L.C) Private agencies are such as tourist hotel association and cultural triangle hotelier association. In addition non-government agencies works for community for development process in the post conflict areas. Howkins et al., (2009) describe the Sri Lanka connecting regional economiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ministry of tourist boards vision is to implement sustainability for tourism industry in Sri Lanka. The ministry of tourism and tourist board mission is to As Ministry of tourism Sri Lanka (n.d.) Position Sri Lanka as the most treasured island destination in Asia, which hold trueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Mission of tourist board As Ministry of tourism Sri Lanka (n.d.) Create an enable environment for the public and private sector in partnership to tourist develop tourism its desired potential while sustaining and conserving both the natural and cultural recoursesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. which hold trueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ C) The vital role of the Sri Lankan Tourism development authority This is the major organization for Tourism development, which is playing main role for setting targets, and principles development. Therefore S.L.T.D.A is responsible for promoting Sri Lanka as a travel and tourist destination in national and international level. S.L.T.D.A planning to facilitate own lands for lease to private sectors for develops in eastern province. E.g. Trincomalee and passikudah areas. Howkins et al., (2009) describe the Sri Lanka connecting regional economiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Organizations proposed plans are: Improve and maintain tourist infrastructure project. SLTDA ensure to provide quality products and service with secure atmosphere to tourists. Sri Lanka is positioning as a treasured island in terms of natures secrets and maintains one of the best destinations in the world. Agency setting targets to create skill and training for better job opportunity to society. Agency plan to expand domestic tourism to get motivate for develop international sector. Result from the recent survey (product development, n.d) showed that government expect to provide benefit to communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ d) International role by Sri Lanka tourism bureau S.L.T.B is act as a international marketing and promotion to industry which consult with S.L.T.D.A .in 2009 industry re brand as a small miracle Howkins et al., (2009,p39) describe the Sri Lankan tourism bureau activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ .furthermore it is promoting new destination such as east region and published broachers to attract natural beauty of Trincomalee to Arugubay. For promotion campaign they advertise local television and special events like international surfing competition. S.L.CB is mainly responsible for MICE activities (meeting, incentive, conference and exhibition), which provides service to develop and applies competitive age to industry. Howkins et al., (2009,) describe the Sri Lankan tourism authority responsibilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ e) Cost advantage for tourism industry Minister of public administration and deputy minister of finance explained devastating effects of conflict made costs of investing and operating a business. With the end of the ethnic conflict, commercial transportation of goods, insurance and other commodity prices have fallen down which paved way to less financial arrangements costs are much lower with dawn of peace that added much more competitive edge over other destination in the area. Therefore country has more advantage to access too many products via free trade agreement with India and Pakistan. In recent study (Amnugama, 2009), business is profitableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 2. Weaknesses a) Infrastructure issues Limited rail networks available throughout the country where rail travel is much more difficult which take 10 hours journey to reach Batticoloa and hill country and to East province. In recent study (Wijesinha, 2009), lack of infrastructure in the eastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ b) How does the poverty can be a constraint to the development of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka? According to the World Bank report Sri Lanka is under developed country with per capita income in average us $ 810 per year. However the poverty being reduces over the past four decades. But still it is 35% of 19 million living under poverty line. The reason of this situation is continuous political unrest and unsuitable economy policies in the country. Mackee et al., (2007), described lack of skills of the employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Furthermore social constrains are the main areas that have effects on tourism which encourage prostitution and child abuse. It is very often as a growing problem that male and female unemployed young job seeker are attracted to tourist areas willing to do whatever jobs to earn an income. Today it estimates more than 5000 children are being used in child prostitution in Sri Lanka. In recent study (Samarasuriya, 1997), showed that prostitution became a huge issueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ c) Environmentalist groups intervention on some tourist attraction sites due to lack of government funding to prevent impact to environment Unfortunately number of issues can identify as environment issues due o lack of environmental assessments (EA) activities in the country .It is difficult to find suitable qualified or professional staff with in the country due to lack of training and funding by government. In addition testing of approved projects effectiveness, this is tested very rarely. Another issue is lack of inter agency co-ordination such as development authority and improper government legislation. Mackee et al., (2007), described lack of skills of the employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Governments implementation of buffer zone regulations in coast after the tsunami that makes it difficult get building permission on small-scale tourism business industry especially in rebuilding sites that was under war for past 3 decade Ex: arugubay area. Result from recent survey (Sri Lanka, n.d.), showed that government legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 3. Threats a) Competition of neighbouring countries Asian region recorded double growth in the past two decade of tourism industry, which indicates G.D.P contribution to their economies. Where Sri Lanka is lagged behind where it is difficult to penetrate straight away in to market that easily. According to the Pacific Asia travel association (PATA) revel similar estimate as 6% growth in Asia and Sri Lankas negative commitments and image in tourism industry will remain for sometime in global arena over the competition of its south Asian rivals. In recent study (Miththapala, 2009), Sri Lanka tourism quo vadisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ b) Natural threats as Tsunami issues Natural disasters have been a considerable factor that has impact on world tourism industry. Tsunami cost more than 30000 thousand lives and more importantly destroyed the lower and medium scale tourism communities based on the coastal areas since December 2004. . Result from recent study (Bureau of south and Central Asia affairs, 2009), showed negative impact of tsunamià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ c) Influence of World terrorism activities that create negative awareness of countries that had history of terrorism such as Sri Lanka Since the Al Qaeda suicide attacks which was killed 2972 on September 2001. The world travel and tourism council estimates tourism demand reduction 10% and affected world wide not for only America also country like Sri Lanka that had been under long term terrorism is still remained cautioned in European market Bennett and Bray (n.d.) have proposed that impact of terrorismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ d) Work force migration to developed countries Economic and social complications have influenced to skilled workers to migrate to develop countries such as Europe, America and Australia. Skilled labour migration has become a threat to industry where there is shortfall of skilled labour for some areas of the service industry. In recent survey (Haque, 2005), migration trend and patternà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ e) Global economic crises affect for the industry. Impact of the world tourism badly affect due to global credit crunch in2008.this is clear how effect which indicators shows 6% growth beginning and end of the year it showed 2%. Then it shown negative figures in 2009.as a result people only consider basic need as a security of job and avoid travel plans, which had wider impact on tourism depended countries such Sri Lanka In recent study (Miththapala, 2009), Sri Lanka tourism quo vadisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 4. Opportunities a) Massive infrastructures projects in East and northern region. As the devastating effects of tsunami and terrorism that lasted north and east part of the country-causing heavy loss on infrastructure. Government plans to develop the area with major projects that support tourism industry as well. In recent study (Gupta, 2005), devastated infrastructure in eastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Therefore government planed to manage recover proposals in North West coast. Something such as they address several locations in east beaches like Aru

Frankenstein Essay -- English Literature Essays

Frankenstein The novel begins in a frame narrative: Robert Walton, the captain of a ship, recounts his adventures through a series of letters to his sister back in England. Walton encounters Victor Frankenstein in the seas near the North Pole and is told his story, and the major part of the novel consists of Frankenstein's narration of his strange adventures. Victor tells Walton of his early life in Geneva and his close relationships with his cousin, Elizabeth Lavenza, who had come to live with his family when her mother died, and his friend Henry Clerval. Victor eventually goes to the university at Ingolstadt and begins to study natural philosophy and chemistry. During this time, he becomes consumed by the desire to discover the secret of life and finally succeeds. He fashions a creature out of old body parts and animates it one night. However, the creature appears so horrible that he runs away, allowing the creature to escape. Shortly afterwards, Victor is preparing to return to Geneva when he receives a letter from his father telling him that his youngest brother, William, has been murdered. Victor hurries home and, on the way, sees the monster in the woods and becomes convinced that the creature murdered William. He arrives home to find that Justine Moritz, a girl who had lived for some time in the Frankenstein household, has been accused of the murder. She is tried, condemned, and executed, despite her assertions of innocence, and Victor becomes despondent a...

Business Research Ethics Essay

The accounting world is changing constantly and so are the rules that are being set up to protect companies and their assets. There are codes of conduct that accounting offices and their personnel must adhere to and when they are not followed, there can be an ethical challenges that you have to deal with. Users of accounting information perform different types of creative accounting. Some of these practices are ethical and legal and other are not. It is important for a company to set up procedures that check and double check everyone in the accounting department from the clerks to the Controller. There is never a time in any business that someone is allowed to do things without having someone else check on their work. When there is no follow up or checks set in place is when the company finds themselves in trouble. As accountants, we are required to make sure that the work that we produce is accurate, credible and true information. This information is used to help investors and banks to make a good business decision in regard to their credit and investment opportunities. Many times, an accountant will get â€Å"creative† with the numbers to assure just that outcome. The numbers are inflated to show a better financial picture and this will help the company get more money and have the bank invest more in their future. Sometimes, this can go on for a long time without anyone knowing it is all false. Other times, companies get caught. May I remind you of Enron? Over the years stockholders and investors have lost large amounts of money due to false reporting or â€Å"creative† accounting. It is for this reason that the need for restrictions on those practices and find a solution to this problem became necessary. A company that I worked for in the past had to eventually file for bankruptcy because the Executive Board was unaware of what the Controller was doing. Many of us were aware of the incorrect numbers and were not sure how to handle it because we could not really prove that the numbers that he was  reporting were actually wrong. There are procedures in effect that prevent accountants from doing this, but not all companies follow them. This is why auditors are used with many companies. Auditors are there to make sure that all numbers and documents are proven to be correct and that there is no creative accounting or inflated numbers when looking at financial statements. Auditors can also be a deterrent for theft. If there is never a check and balance with an accountant in a company, there can be a greater chance of theft. I know of a company that I worked for suffered a loss of over $50,000 because the Controller was not required to get a second signature on checks under $5,000, so he issued himself eleven checks in the amount of $4,000. He would take the check and record that the check went to a vendor or supplier. When the bank statement was sent to our office, he would do the bank reconciliation, so no one saw the actual cancelled check because he destroyed it. Had there been an auditor that would be checking his work, this never would have continued to happen, they would have found it after the first check. It is important accountants to maintain integrity and avoid questionable situations. There are many things that can be seen as inappropriate. Many times over the years, I have been offered tickets to baseball games, dinners, gift baskets, etc. to use a particular company as a major supplier or to use a certain bank. I never thought much of accepting a gift basket, but I was told by an auditor for our firm that can be misunderstood and never to do that. This is a small scale, many companies have been known to get government contracts or big jobs because of making certain promises. Research has proven to our executives and investors that the only way to make sure that there is no inappropriate behavior by having internal and external auditors to examine the books on a regular basis. Knowing that there are audits completed on a random basis and knowing that those audits are being audited by external companies prevents mishaps, theft and misappropriation of funds. Having a clear set of policies and procedures in place and also having a clear plan of action for employees that do not follow these procedures is a sure way to insure that your company is protected. GAAP (generally accepted accounting practices) defines what is and is not permissible, but it is not infallible. GAAP can be manipulated and subject to interpretation and accountants can commit fraud any time. Eventually, we have to count on good accounting  procedures, our auditors and most importantly, employee ethics and morals to keep everything and everyone in line. REFERENCES Al Momani, M. A., & Obeidat, M. I. (2013). The effect of auditors’ ethics on their detection of creative accounting practices: A field study. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(13), 118-136. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1418426106?accountid=458 Leung, E. C. (2004). Accounting ethics. Business and Society, 43(2), 226-226+. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199387513?accountid=458

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example Organisational Behaviour Essay Organisational Behaviour Essay Tein, M. , Matthews. G. , and Martin, D, Management: A pacific rim focus, 4th edition, pp366, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Australia Answers. com, 2008, Ability, ; answers. com/Ability; QANTAS, (2008, Feburuary 5), ITS NATURAL TO FLY CARBON NEUTRAL WITH THE QANTAS GROUP, OURhotel, 44-45 Johnson. C, (2008, Feburuary 14), Refillable packaging saves consumers and the environment, Packaging, 22 OURhotel, (2008, Feburuary 5), Climate change, the future in our hand, OURhotel, 40-42 McShane. S. Travaglione. T, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, Enhanced edition, p38-41 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Australia Gibson. J. L. , Ivancevich. J. M. , Donnelly. J. H. And Konopaske. R, Organiszations, Behaviour, Structure, Processes, 12th edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Americas, New York.

Can video games make children violent essays

Can video games make children violent essays Computer games, is it a possible disaster for society? While many say that it is just a game others, like myself, think that a computer can be as destructive as loading a gun and giving it to a toddler. This is because teens across the globe are playing horribly realistic video games with sadistic themes of violence, sex and drugs, not only that but some children are mimicking the actions of the games in real life, a sort of twisted reality lived out at a school in Columbine America. Also the fact that the government is even thinking of bringing out an R rated category so that children can play more violent games than usual is just astounding. The American government has investigated into these Murder Simulators and has found that some games do encourage aggressive behavior, some are such good teaching tools of destruction that the Australian army is using them as training tools, these are now being sold to the public to ANYONE. Some computer games that are being sold at such family orientated shops such as Target, Myer and K-mart are so graphically realistic that one could almost mistake it for reality. If that isnt bad enough the problem is that they can only get more realistic, while the technology of PCs advances its graphics capabilities boom enabling it to be more realistic than ever before. The realistic surrounds of everyday life added with the soul purposes to kill everyone, deal elicit substances and to Pimp women on the streets is just too much for the average ten year old to handle without being affected in an unacceptable way. It proved too much to two young American students at the Columbine high school in the USA. Two Children who were teased by other students decided to massacre their fellow students in a way not unlike to the Doom or Quake video games of their time. Both students were known to play excessive amounts of computer games such as Doom and Quak...

Sales Journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Sales Journals - Essay Example an (176) explained, the candidate detailed that his job is specifically to look for new orders in state organizations, private sector organizations as well as individual consumers for the supply of HP products. The products include new computers and product servicing if his company gets contracted to supply computers to any client. Although I did not buy any product from John, he demonstrated that he is an outstanding salesman. He demonstrated substantial knowledge about his products and selling techniques, which are paramount in the art and profession of salesmanship. He even asked for my contacts for future follow ups and getting other referrals. To my surprise, after a period of four days as agreed on, I received a call from John confirming our meeting in a day’s time. This demonstrated how he takes follow-ups very seriously by preparing clients in advance prior to visiting them. John is a good listener; he never interrupted my speech as he carefully paid attention to every bit of what I was saying. In order to reach more clients, John explained that he utilizes sales activations and product exhibition shows that are held in different American cities. Such forums are important as salespeople can give presentations and product brochures in regard to their products. As mentioned by Amjed (1-2), he also displayed the characteristic of having good people skills noted in his friendliness, outstanding personality, good listening and the ability to communicate very effectively. He demonstrated good product knowledge as he explained without hesitation all the questions I asked I personally discovered that John is a critical thinker as his plans of action included psychological engagement of a client as well as his ability to initiate a personal feasibility study to have diversity of marketing approaches. Although this was not a company mandated survey, it was for his own benefit to achieve market segmentation in order to sufficiently capture

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